Sejarah, Implementasi, dan Dampak Peraturan Basel I, Basel II, dan Basel III di Indonesia
Keywords:
Basel, Histori, Implementation, Impac, Islamic BankingAbstract
This research aims to find out how the history, implementation, and impact of Basel I, II, III regulations in Indonesia. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The results showed that the history of Basel I was initiated due to concerns over the Latin American debt crisis (Brazil, Argentina, Mexico) in the early 1980s. Basel II was initiated due to changes in the banking industry and financial markets including the financial crisis that occurred in Southeast Asia and South Asia in 1997-1998. Basel III was initiated due to the global financial crisis that occurred in 2007-2009. Then, Basel I implemented a measurement framework for credit risk, requiring a minimum capital standard of 8%. Basel II created three pillars, namely pillar I minimum capital requirements, pillar II regulatory supervision, and pillar III market discipline. Basel III includes RWA calculation for operational risk, RWA calculation for credit risk, RWA calculation for market risk and Credit Valuation Adjustment. The impact of the implementation of Basel I in Indonesia is considered to have no effect on capital targets or credit risk targets, as it is considered that the creation of Basel I ignores the regulatory implications on banks in developing countries and is considered as a banking standard that is international in scale and adaptive to banking in developed countries. Basel II also does not have a significant impact on the banking sector and industry development, and is considered detrimental to banks in developing countries, while Basel III is considered to have a positive impact on banking in Indonesia. Such as the condition of Bank BNI's capital after the implementation of Basel III on Bank BNI's business growth.
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